×1 Tissue
At the surface, contact.
Ankaferd is applied topically, directly onto the bleeding surface. A protein network forms upon contact with blood in under a second2.
How Ankaferd is proposed to work, every source we rely on, and the limits of that evidence, stated as plainly as the strengths.
01 · Proposed mechanism
Scroll to zoom from the wound surface to the red-cell membrane. Each view shows what published research reports, and the deepest view is a schematic of what is proposed1.
×1 Tissue
Ankaferd is applied topically, directly onto the bleeding surface. A protein network forms upon contact with blood in under a second2.
×4 Cells
The effect is tied to vital erythrocyte aggregation: living red blood cells gather into clusters1.
×16 Molecules
The haemostatic effect is described as depending on the quick promotion of a protein network, particularly fibrinogen gamma, linked to the membrane proteins spectrin, ankyrin and actin of red cells1. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have been used to explore these effects3.
Zoom factors describe this illustration, not real magnification.
02 · Cascade-independent
Ankaferd acts without directly affecting individual coagulation factors12. Here is what was measured, and what was not.
Fig. 2 The coagulation cascadeSimplified
Coagulation factors V–XIII, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Hover or focus a value to find it in the diagram.
The Ankaferd route · proposed
Because it acts independently of the cascade, Ankaferd has been studied for dental bleeding in people with haemophilia and von Willebrand disease, and in patients taking anticoagulants23231. These were mostly small studies, and an independent meta-analysis has compared the agents used after extraction31.
Read carefully: normal laboratory values during administration are what was reported. On their own they do not prove that no interaction with coagulation exists.
03 · Levels of evidence
The evidence base is largely laboratory, animal and small clinical studies, and its own authors call for controlled trials2. Below, the 37 library entries are placed by study design as stated in their titles. Secondary sources and entries whose design we still need to confirm are kept apart.
Design 1
341426: 4 entries: 3, 4, 14 and 26.
Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses3, a swine bleeding model4, and rat models of alveolar osteitis14 and liver injury26.
Design 2
5132228: 4 entries: 5, 13, 22 and 28; entry 5 has details still to be confirmed.
A retrospective series of 20 patients with haemoptysis5, and case reports in dental13, diverticular22 and prostatectomy28 bleeding.
Design 3
81011: 3 entries: 8, 10 and 11.
Tonsillectomy in children8, tooth extraction in haemophilia10 and pulpotomy in primary teeth11.
Design 4
792729: 4 entries: 7, 9, 27 and 29.
Anterior epistaxis7, adenoid surgery9, tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy27 and transradial procedures29.
Across uses, reviewers call for larger controlled trials to confirm clinical benefit2.
Reviews map the evidence. They are not evidence of a design, so they sit off the scale.
The title does not state the study design, so these are not plotted until we have read the full text.
How many primary studies in the library fall in each area, by the design stated in their titles. Trials are controlled or randomised. Secondary reviews are not counted. This is a count, not a systematic review
| Area | Lab | Animal | Case | Trials | To confirm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Dental | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| ENT | 3 | ||||
| GI endoscopy | 1 | 5 | |||
| Surgery | 2 | 1 | |||
| Urology | 1 | 1 | |||
| Cardiology | 1 | ||||
| Bleeding disorders | 1 | 1 | |||
| Pulmonology | 1 | ||||
| Beyond haemostasis |
2Number of studies listed Investigational: wound healing, antimicrobial, antineoplastic2 None listed
04 · Evidence library
Thirty sources with full citations and DOI or PubMed links. Six we have summarised in one line. The rest come from the manufacturer's published bibliography; they are placed by the design stated in their titles, and we add no summary until we have appraised the full text.
Clinical area
Evidence type
Secondary · review · 2020 · Turk J Med Sci
Ankaferd hemostat: from molecules to medicine. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(7):1739–1750. doi:10.3906/sag-1908-161
In one lineDescribes the fibrinogen-gamma protein network, normal coagulation values during administration, and a negative screen for heavy metals, pesticides, aflatoxins, GMO material and dioxins.
Secondary · narrative review · 2025/26 · Ann Med Surg
Beyond hemostasis: a narrative review on the multifaceted therapeutic potential of Ankaferd Blood Stopper. Ann Med Surg. 2025/26;88(1):522–533. doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000004388
In one lineReports a protein network forming in under a second, flags potential neurotoxicity in rodents, and asks that non-haemostatic uses be treated as investigational.
Laboratory · 2017 · SAGE Open Med
Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to explain the pleiotropic effects of Ankaferd blood stopper. SAGE Open Med. 2017;5:2050312117722569. doi:10.1177/2050312117722569
In one lineProteomic and transcriptomic work exploring the product’s wider effects; it also describes the five-plant composition and summarises an endobronchial haemoptysis series.
Animal model · 2009 · Med Princ Pract
Hemostatic Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in a Swine Bleeding Model. Medical Principles and Practice: International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 18(3), 165–169. doi:10.1159/000204344
In one lineTests haemostatic efficacy in a swine bleeding model. We have not yet appraised its outcomes, so we do not quote them.
Retrospective clinical · 2014 · n = 20
Effective Management of Hemoptysis Via Endobronchial Application of Ankaferd Hemostat. Archivos de Bronconeumología, 50(9), 407–409. doi:10.1016/j.arbr.2014.08.001
In one lineRetrospective series of 20 patients given endobronchial instillation for haemoptysis across 25 bronchoscopies. Small and uncontrolled.
Design to confirm · 2008 · J Int Med Res
Haemostatic actions of the folkloric medicinal plant extract Ankaferd Blood Stopper. The Journal of International Medical Research, 36(1), 163–170. doi:10.1177/147323000803600121
In one lineAn early report on the haemostatic actions of the extract. We will summarise its design and findings once we have appraised the full text.
Randomised trial · 2010 · ENT
Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in Patients with Acute Anterior Epistaxis. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, 267(9), 1377–1381. doi:10.1007/s00405-010-1208-0
Controlled trial · 2009 · ENT
Prospective, Controlled Clinical Trial of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 73(12), 1742–1745. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.09.029
Randomised trial · 2018 · ENT
Topical blood stopper agents during adenoid surgery in young children; a prospective randomized controlled trial. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 275(5), 1157–1163. doi:10.1007/s00405-018-4929-0
Controlled trial · 2013 · Dental
The Effectiveness of a New Hemostatic Agent (Ankaferd Blood Stopper) for the Control of Bleeding following Tooth Extraction in Hemophilia: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Turkish Journal of Haematology: Official Journal of Turkish Society of Haematology, 30(1), 19–24. doi:10.4274/tjh.2012.0036
Controlled trial · 2017 · Dental
Comparative evaluation of ankaferd blood stopper, ferric sulfate, and formocresol as pulpotomy agent in primary teeth: A clinical study. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 20(7), 832–838. doi:10.4103/1119-3077.197022
Design to confirm · 2011 · Dental
Successful Management of Bleeding after Dental Procedures with Application of Blood Stopper: A Single Center Prospective Trial. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 12(5), 379–384. PubMed 22269200
Case report · 2009 · Dental
Use of a new local haemostatic agent Ankaferd blood stopper after surgical excision of eruption cyst: A case report. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 38(5), 558. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.563
Animal study · 2021 · Dental
The preventive effect of medicinal herbal extract and gelatin sponge on alveolar osteitis: An in vivo micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemical analysis in rats. Archives of Oral Biology, 122, 105002. PubMed 33316659
Secondary · systematic review · 2019 · Dental
Local haemostatic measures after tooth removal in patients on antithrombotic therapy: A systematic review. Clinical Oral Investigations, 23(4), 1695–1708. doi:10.1007/s00784-018-2576-x
Secondary · systematic review · 2020 · Dental
Intrasocket interventions to prevent alveolar osteitis after mandibular third molar surgery: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 48(9), 902–913. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2020.06.012
Design to confirm · 2010 · GI endoscopy
Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in Postpolypectomy Bleeding. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16(10), 1027–1028. doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0089
Design to confirm · 2010 · GI endoscopy
The Effect of a New Hemostatic Agent for Difficult Cases of Non-Variceal Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Ankaferd Blood Stopper. Hepato-Gastroenterology, 57(98), 191–194. PubMed 20583410
Design to confirm · 2010 · GI endoscopy
Successful Treatment of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy-Induced Early Hemorrhage with Application of Ankaferd Blood Stopper. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 72(6), 1325–1326. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.03.1119
Design to confirm · 2012 · GI endoscopy
Endoscopic Topical Application of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® in Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 18(1), 65–68. doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0827
Design to confirm · 2012 · GI endoscopy
Efficacy of ankaferd blood stopper application on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 4(12), 556–560. doi:10.4253/wjge.v4.i12.556
Case report · 2013 · GI endoscopy
The use of Ankaferd in diverticular bleeding: Two case reports. The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology: The Official Journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 24(5), 441–443. doi:10.4318/tjg.2013.0640
Secondary · systematic review · 2013 · GI endoscopy
Topical hemostatic agents: A systematic review with particular emphasis on endoscopic application in GI bleeding. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 77(5), 692–700. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2013.01.020
Secondary · systematic review · 2015 · GI endoscopy
Hemostatic Powders in Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America, 25(3), 535–552. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2015.02.008
Design to confirm · 2010 · Surgery
A New Practical Alternative for the Control of Sternal Bleeding during Cardiac Surgery: Ankaferd Blood Stopper. The Heart Surgery Forum, 13(6), E379-380. doi:10.1532/HSF98.20101071
Animal study · 2021 · Surgery
Comparison of hemostatic efficacy of topical Ankaferd Blood Stopper on heparinized and nonheparinized rats in bleeding related to liver injury. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 36(1), e360106. doi:10.1590/ACB360106
Randomised trial · 2013 · Urology
A new hemostatic agent (ankaferd blood stopper(®)) in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A prospective randomized study. Journal of Endourology / Endourological Society, 27(9), 1126–1130. doi:10.1089/end.2013.0086
Case report · 2009 · Urology
Hemostasis in Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy with Ankaferd BloodStopper: A Case Report. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(8), 445–447. PubMed 19605339
Randomised trial · 2018 · Cardiology
Ankaferd blood stopper as a new strategy to avoid early complications after transradial procedures: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Interventional Cardiology, 31(4), 511–517. PubMed 29667233
Design to confirm · 2010 · Bleeding disorders
New Coagulant Agent (Ankaferd Blood Stopper) for Open Hemorrhages in Hemophilia with Inhibitor. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis: Official Journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 16(6), 705–707. doi:10.1177/1076029609337313
Network meta-analysis · 2023 · Sci Rep
The effect of different hemostatic agents following dental extraction in patients under oral antithrombotic therapy: a network meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 12519. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39023-7
In one lineAn independent network meta-analysis comparing haemostatic agents after tooth extraction in patients on antithrombotic therapy; Ankaferd is among the agents compared.
Controlled clinical · 2013 · Clin Appl Thromb Hemost
Evaluation of the Hemostatic Effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper During Dental Extractions in Patients on Antithrombotic Therapy. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2013. doi:10.1177/1076029611435836 · PubMed 22327817
In one lineA clinical study of Ankaferd for bleeding control during tooth extraction in patients on antithrombotic therapy.
Animal model · 2024 · Exp Ther Med
Functional and structural neurodegenerative activities of Ankaferd BloodStopper in a mouse sciatic nerve model. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 28(3), 345. doi:10.3892/etm.2024.12634
In one lineIn a mouse sciatic-nerve model, direct application was associated with functional and structural nerve damage; the authors conclude it is neurotoxic in this model and call for further study. Supports the caution against direct contact with exposed nerves.
Randomised · 2013 · Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
Ankaferd blood stopper in episiotomy repair. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 40(1), 141–143. PubMed 23724529
In one lineA small randomised comparison (20 vs 20) of Ankaferd spray against saline for blood loss during episiotomy repair.
Clinical · 2019 · Adv Ther
The Effectiveness of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in the Management of Traumatic Bleeding. Advances in Therapy, 36(5), 1143–1149. doi:10.1007/s12325-019-00935-4
In one lineA clinical report on Ankaferd for traumatic external bleeding in the emergency setting.
Clinical · 2018 · Turk J Haematol
Effectiveness of Ankaferd BloodStopper in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Childhood Cancers Evaluated with Plasma Citrulline Levels. Turkish Journal of Haematology, 35(1), 85–86. doi:10.4274/tjh.2017.0320
In one lineEvaluates Ankaferd for oral mucositis in children with cancer, using plasma citrulline as a marker. An investigational, non-haemostatic use.
Clinical · 2014 · Niger J Clin Pract
Effects of the topical hemostatic agent Ankaferd Blood Stopper on the incidence of alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of an impacted mandibular third molar. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 17(1), 75. doi:10.4103/1119-3077.122847
In one lineExamines whether Ankaferd affects the incidence of dry socket after removal of an impacted lower wisdom tooth.
No entries match.
Try a broader search, or .
Evidence-level bars are an editorial guide to study design, not a quality score. Designs for entries 7–30 are taken from their titles; we have not yet appraised them. Summaries are ours; read the source before relying on any finding.
05 · Safety profile
What has been tested, what is still debated, and what we ask of everyone who uses it.
Pending the IFU wording, we advise cautionAvoid applying Ankaferd directly onto exposed neural tissue. IFU wording to be confirmed.
| Analyte | Result |
|---|---|
| Heavy metals lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic | Negative |
| Pesticides | Negative |
| Aflatoxins | Negative |
| GMO material | Negative |
| Dioxins | Negative |
A clean contaminant screen speaks to purity. On its own it is not evidence of clinical safety.
Follow the Instructions for UseThe IFU, not this website, is the reference for indications, contraindications, warnings, application and storage.
Download the Instructions for Use (PDF, in German and English)
Wound-healing, antimicrobial and antineoplastic effects have been described. They must be regarded as investigational2, and this site makes no claim for them.
Contact sicherheit@ankaferd.info. In Germany, suspected incidents with medical devices can also be reported to the BfArM, the competent authority for medical devices.
06 · Open questions
We list the gaps because clinicians deserve to see them. If you are running a study, or know one we have missed, we would like to hear from you.
Reviewers call for controlled studies to confirm clinical benefit2.
Neurotoxic potential after direct nerve exposure remains debated2.
The mechanism is proposed. Exactly how the network binds is not yet established.
Wound healing, antimicrobial and antineoplastic effects remain investigational2.
In the EU it is a CE-marked medical device (Class III, Directive 93/42/EEC, notified body TSE) for the topical control of external bleeding, distributed in Germany. It is approved by the Turkish Ministry of Health for dental and superficial bleeding2. Status in other regions is still being confirmed.